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Gallbladder radionuclide scan

Definition

Gallbladder radionuclide scan is a test that uses a gamma emitting tracer (radioactive material) to check gallbladder function, or look for an infected gallbladder or obstructed bile ducts.

Alternative Names

How the Test is Performed

First, the tracer (a radioactive chemical that will collect primarily in the liver and then is excreted with bile into the gallbladder) is injected into a vein (usually at the bend in the arm). The scan is then performed.

You lie face up on a table under the scanning camera (gamma scintillation camera). The scanner will detect the gamma rays being emitted from the tracer. The image of where the tracer is found in the organs is transmitted to a computer. The computer displays the image on the monitor and saves the information for future reference. A technician will operate the computer and scanner and will monitor the findings.

The test will take about 1 - 2 hours. Images take about 1 minute to acquire and are taken every 5 - 10 minutes for the first half hour and every 15 minutes during the next 90 minutes if needed.

If, after a certain amount of time, the gallbladder can't be seen, the doctor may give you a small injection of morphine, which can help to move the radionuclide into the gallbladder. While the amount of morphine given is small, you may feel tired after the exam.

How to Prepare for the Test

You will be instructed not to eat or drink anything for 4 hours or longer before the test. You must sign an informed consent form.

How the Test Will Feel

When the tracer is injected into the vein, there will be a sharp prick from the needle. After the injection, the puncture site may be sore. There is normally no pain during the scan.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is very good for detecting acute infection of the gallbladder or blockage of a bile duct. It is also helpful in determining whether there is rejection of a transplanted liver.

What Abnormal Results Mean

• Cholecystitis (gallbladder infection)
• Infection of the gallbladder, ducts, or liver
• Gallstones
• Bile duct obstruction
• Bile leaks or abnormal ducts (resulting from cysts)
• Biliary anomalies (abnormal anatomy of the bile system)
• Transplant rejection (after liver transplant)
• Liver disease
• Cancer of the hepatobiliary system

Risks

There is a small risk to pregnant or nursing mothers, because the fetus or small child has a greater sensitivity to radioactive chemicals. Unless it is absolutely necessary, the scan will be delayed.

The amount of radiation is small (less than that of a conventional x-ray) and is virtually gone from the body within 1 or 2 days. With increased number of scans, there is some radiation risk.

Considerations

Since this test is usually not performed unless there is acute pain, suspected gallbladder disease, or gall stones, many patients require special attention after the results of the test are known. If necessary, combined with other imaging (such as CT or ultrasound), the patient may be prepared for surgery following the gallbladder scan.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.